USA is still considered the leader of the free world. It came as a shock to citizens that US intelligence agencies are doing what is least expected from them. Edward Snowden, US National Security Agency whistleblower opened can of worms. In fact this is the most troublesome part of surveillance activities by US government. It enables state to spread its hold over citizens to an unprecedented scale. State’s ability to conduct widespread surveillance makes it very powerful. The latter situation was the matter of concern for Mill. Second, the psychological hold of society over citizens. In other words state’s ability to control the social, political and economic behaviour of citizens with or without force. James Stuart Mill in his classic work on ‘Liberty and Subjection of Women’ basically draws our attention on two facts.įirst, ability of the state to persuade, coax and force citizens to follow its dictates. Asian and African societies are still struggling to develop consensus on these issues. West has dealt with the issues of liberty, religion and rights of women long ago. In a limited manner this text discusses all the threads and trends and role media plays in shaping our outer realities. It seems like social, political and economic direction of mankind is natural like a river which flows and decides its own path through the valleys. It seems everything is beyond of control human activities. However it is difficult to claim that anyone is conspiring against anyone. There is no force driven by truth and justice which is shaping and giving directions to our societies. As people in west are becoming restless and demanding comparative economic equality, the unscrupulous methods western governments employ to deal with voices of masses are becoming more visible.
Now west is struggling to maintain the level of wealth and income gap with the countries of second and third world. It is wrong to consider west as one unit. Forces inimical to common man are limiting democratic space for people in general. Citizens at large in all societies have limited liberty to function freely. Generally the contrary will be claimed in popular discourse. The increased power of the dominant ideology has curtailed liberty within the developed nations for citizens.
It uses media to establish its control over the world view of every person on planet and shape policy framework of every nation on earth. West has launched an undeclared campaign to establish control over weaker societies. Most of the eastern societies could not sort out the issues related with individual liberty. However, this struggle is far from completion yet. At least it would be justified to claim that popular struggles together with economic conditions ensured individual lifestyle choices to citizens in western nations. It is true that west represents more refined outlook on certain issues. However there is no truth in these prepositions. There is a claim that western outlook has a universal character. It seems the occidental perspective has overpowered the oriental perspective completely in the 21st century. Various inductive and deductive methods of reasoning have been used throughout the text to draw inferences and conclusions to counter the self-aggrandisement of western world. They discard non-western political systems as crude, despotic and totalitarian in nature which denies social, political and economic space to citizens. Western states claim superiority by highlighting that their citizens have more social, political and economic space which contributes in individual and collective advancement of society This text discusses the political, economic and social space available to citizens in nation states in oriental and occidental realms.
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